Time Out of Joint, by Philip K. Dick, 1959. I have read this novel several times before, but I enjoyed it more than ever. It may be Dick's best work of the early phase (1950s), with only Eye in the Sky coming close. Time Out of Joint reflects both the realist and science-fiction novels he was writing at the time. It starts out in a very humdrum contemporary small town in California, but gradually we become aware that things are not what they seem, and that in fact the whole world of the main character, a newspaper puzzle whiz called Ragle Gumm, may be a complete hallucination. We discover that the year is actually 1998 and that the real puzzle that Gumm is to solve is that of the ontological status of his own perceptual reality.The famous scene where a soft-drink stand simply vanishes to be replaced by a slip of paper that says "soft-drink stand" is a great metaphor for the insubstantiality of the false time layer. People are basically hypnotized to believe they are living in the simple, peaceful, mindless small-town world of the 50s when actually they are living in a war zone forty years later. It's a metaphor for how people superimpose a reductive shrunken timeline on their realtime circumstances.
There is a dreamlike quality to Dick's 1950s and a
certain slow, unreal texture to time itself. We see this in most of Dick's 50s mainstream
novels. It may be that we can start reading them as sf, recognizing them as alternate
reality stories about a world that only seemed to be--much like the illusory
reality of Time Out of Joint or the
alternate history of The Man in the High Castle.
Time
Out of Joint begins very, very slowly but once Ragle
Gumm wakes up to the full extent of the fake reality that has been constructed
to keep his mind on the business of solving the newspaper puzzle, "Where
is the little green man?", which holds the key to where the lunar
colonists' missiles will land, the story quickly races to what some feel is a
preemptory conclusion. I don't see this shift as an artistic flaw at all. What
better way in fact to show that time has really changed and the nature of
reality itself has shifted?
On one level it's a relativistic time shift, in the
Einsteinian sense. The perspective of the protagonist Ragle Gumm changes,
detaching itself from the collective, and in so doing assumes its own inertial
frame with its own altered spatiotemporal coordinates.
Incidents like the disappearance of the soft-drink
stand represent a kind of temporal breakdown, in which the character exits the
consensual temporal matrix and falls through it orthogonally into an uncharted
zone rife with new possibilities and new modes of perception.
But the new frame of reference is not just equivocal
or different, it is of a higher order ontologically speaking. When Ragle goes
off by himself, alone, at the end, out of the sphere of earth's collective
consciousness, Dick is showing us someone who is waking up, experiencing an
anamnesis, as he puts it in his Exegesis, or recollection of an original
condition that is of a higher order reality. As Dick puts it:
Anamnesis
is nothing less than realizing what and where you really are: you perceive the brain and its
traffic, you hear the voice of its noös, and you understand the irreality of psyche, world, causality and
time.
Understanding the irreality of time becomes the
preface for understanding the reality of time: how to reveal its truth, not simply transcend it.
For there is something in the nature of time--orthogonal, multidimensional
time, not false, linear time--that holds the key to higher knowledge, to
gnosis.